英作文、ビジネス英語のコツをご紹介
Aaron Writes Volume 9
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Aaron Writes
Volume 9
Writing versus Translation: Organization Styles
December 1, 2005
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Hello: This is the 9th issue of Aaron Writes, the writing newsletter
of Aaron Language Services (ALS) http://www.aaronlanguage.com. We issue Aaron
Writes monthly. Each issue examines one writing topic. Our topic this
month covers writing versus translation and organization styles. This
issue is our last issue with trivia questions about writing and writers.
Next month, we will bring you something new - business writing.
This month, we are also adding a special section for creative
writing. This
section was inspired by one of our students coining a new expression for
snail mail. We hope you find what he did as interesting as we did.
Aaron Writes is also happy to answer reader questions. If you have
questions about writing, please email director@aaronlanguage.com in
English, and we will answer your question in a future issue of Aaron
Says.
Please specify how you would like your name signed. If you would like
the
letter to be anonymous, that is fine too.
Writing versus Translation: Organization Styles
This month we will continue to discuss writing versus translation. As we
said last month, writing and translation are two very different skill
sets.
Confusing them will create problems. Some writers write in their native
language and then translate their writing into English. One of the
biggest
problems this creates for Japanese writing translated into English is
with
organization styles.
Organization in English writing follows a three-step pattern of
introduction,
body, and conclusion, which is very different from the Japanese
style. As
many American teachers explain to their students: First you tell them
what
you are going to tell them. Second, you tell them. Third, you tell
them what
you told them, the 1-2-3 pattern.
The 1-2-3 pattern may sound exceedingly simple and direct. It is.
However,
if you are used to Japanese writing styles, you may at first be
uncomfortable with 1-2-3. We suggest that you read some short English
essays and see if you can find the 1-2-3 pattern while you read. In
addition,
as you read notice the beginning of the essay. Below are two different
styles for an essay introduction.
Example 1: The writer may be direct and say, “This article is about
the
environment.”
Example 2: The writer may be indirect and say, “Since childhood, I
have
been sitting under trees and enjoying their leafy shade.” Saying
such may
introduce the topic in a more subtle way than Example 1.
The Aaron website has a significant number of essays in English. Here's
some homework for you. Choose an essay to read. As you read the
beginning of the essay, see if you are able to find a direct
statement as in
Example 1 or an indirect statement as in Example 2 that tells you the
topic
of the essay.
Aaron website essays:
1. Write, Edit, Proof
2. Translate, Edit, Proof: The Process of Changing a Thesis from
Japanese
to English
3. Four Elements of Good Legal Writing
4. What is Good English Science Writing?
5. Two Approaches to Improving Technical Writing
6. Ten Fundamentals of Technical Writing
7. Watson and Crick and Good Science Writing
8. Japanese to English Translations with English Type Logic and
Japanese to
English Translations with Japanese Type Logic
9. Japanese and English Resumes: 13 Key Differences
10. Writing About Japanese Food for Tourists and People Interested in
Japanese Culture
11. From English to German - Anglicisms
After you read the essay, see if you are able to find each of the
steps in
the 1-2-3 pattern. If you are able to find the steps, your next task
becomes using the same pattern in your writing. Good luck!
Trivia Question
In 1816, a poet challenged an eighteen year old woman to write a ghost
story. The young woman eagerly accepted the challenge. What was her
name? What was the book she wrote? Who was the poet?
翻訳とライティングについてのエッセイ
アーロン ランゲージ サービス ウェブサイトでは、
法律文書、科学文書、技
術文書、日本文化に関する文書についてのエッセイ
および、ライティング、編
集、校正、翻訳についてのエッセイを英語で掲載し
ています。また、ビジネス、
科学技術、IT、情報セキュリティー、医療分野の翻
訳、科学論文の英文作成 ・
翻訳などについての日本語によるエッセイも掲載し
ています。これらのエッセ
イは内外を問わず各種分野に精通した専門家や翻訳
者による著述で、広範囲に
わたる文化的側面やあらゆる側面を反映したもので
す。
http://aaronlanguage.com/specialty.htmにてご覧ください。
日本語のエッセイ
ビジネス翻訳における訳語の選択
初めて英語で科学論文を書くとき
科学論文英訳者からお客様への助言
英日技術翻訳の問題点
翻訳における知識と IT 翻訳の特徴について
情報セキュリティと責任 ( 翻訳の観点から )
医薬、医療翻訳の品質を高めるために必要なことは
何か
団塊の世代の大量定年時代と翻訳熱の高まりに想う
英語のエッセイ (現在は英文のみ掲載。今後の和訳
版を掲載予定)
Write, Edit, Proof
Translate, Edit, Proof: The Process of Changing a Thesis from
Japanese to English
Four Elements of Good Legal Writing
What is Good English Science Writing?
Two Approaches to Improving Technical Writing
Ten Fundamentals of Technical Writing
Watson and Crick and Good Science Writing
Japanese to English Translations with English Type Logic and Japanese to
English Translations with Japanese Type Logic
Japanese and English Resumes: 13 Key Differences
Writing About Japanese Food for Tourists and People Interested
in Japanese Culture
From English to German - Anglicisms
Using English creatively in your writing
We would like you to think about English in a slightly different way
in this
section of Aaron Writes. We would like you to look at English as an
opportunity to be a language creator. Let's start with metaphors. A
metaphor is a way to say something is like something else.
Example 1:
I just got paid, so I'm rolling in dough.
Example 2:
Don't bite off more than you can chew.
Example 1 is a metaphor for having a lot of money. The speaker just got
paid and says, “I have a lot of money.” Dough is slang for money.
When
you roll in something, you're covered with it.
Example 2 is a metaphor for saying you already have many things to do.
It's a warning: Be careful and don't agree to do things that you have no
time to do.
Such metaphors as the two examples above were probably creative
examples of language use when they were first used. Now, however, both
have been used so often that they are simply tired, boring metaphors.
Creating new metaphors may be both fun and productive for language
growth.
If you just got paid and you feel like you have a lot of money, maybe
you
could create an original metaphor. You could say, “I just got paid,
so I'm
in Money City.” Or you're too busy to do anything else. You could
say, “I
don't have enough time to exhale or chew.”
The metaphors used in the two examples are original, but they are not
necessarily creative.
Another way to be creative with language is to take a much used metaphor
or expression and edit it.
Example 1:
His suggestion was a half-baked idea.
The metaphor above means that the suggestion was not a good one. The
suggestion was like something that was only partly cooked. Think of a
potato or a cake, and image how terrible both would taste if they
were half
cooked and half raw. If you're being imaginative, and you try to
create a
new metaphor, you might say, “His suggestion was a half-cooked
potato.”
Example 2:
I could send the letter by email or snail mail.
The expression snail mail is a metaphor for postal mail. When compared
with email, postal mail is so slow, as slow as a snail.
Mr. Daizo Takamiya heard snail mail and changed the expression in a very
creative way. He wrote about escargot mail. He substituted the French
word, escargot, for snail. Very imaginative.
We'd like to give you some homework. Here are five metaphors. After you
understand the metaphors, try using English creatively and writing some
original metaphors. You could start with the ones below as Mr. Takamiya
did with escargot mail. Or you could start with a new idea.
1. This was a recipe for disaster.
All the elements that combine together are in this situation, this
recipe.
They are there just like a recipe for pizza, cookies, or bread.
Unlike pizza,
cookies, or bread, the ingredients all combine to create something
terrible.
We're waiting for whatever it is that will be terrible to happen.
2. She's such a couch potato.
She doesn't do anything but sit. Maybe she watches television, but
we're not positive about that. We just know that she is not active.
3. They pushed me into a corner.
The way they talked to me made me feel like I had no options. I felt the
walls against my back. I couldn't move. I felt uncomfortable. I felt
trapped.
4. You're a walking, talking encyclopedia.
You know everything. You are just like a book of all kinds of
information. If I
have a question, I don't have to check online for an answer. I simply
ask
you.
5. He's an old flame.
He used to be my boyfriend. Old flames flicker and go out. She doesn't
have the same feeling about her boyfriend now. The flame is out.
Now, your task is to try to think of some original metaphors.
Essays on Translation and Writing
Aaron Language Services now has essays in English at our web site on
English legal writing, English science writing, English technical
writing, and
writing in English about Japanese culture as well as essays about
writing,
editing, proofreading, and translation. We also have essays in Japanese
about business, scientific, technical, IT, information security, and
medical
translation including writing scientific articles. We will be putting
up more
essays in the future too on other topics related to writing,
proofreading,
and translation including more on article writing. These essays were
written
by a wide variety of Japanese and American writers and translators
living in
Japan and overseas, reflecting a wide variety of cultural views and
different
approaches. We think you will find them of interest. Please take a
look at
http://aaronlanguage.com/specialty.htm
Current Japanese essays:
ビジネス翻訳における訳語の選択
初めて英語で科学論文を書くとき
科学論文英訳者からお客様への助言
英日技術翻訳の問題点
翻訳における知識と IT 翻訳の特徴について
情報セキュリティと責任 ( 翻訳の観点から )
医薬、医療翻訳の品質を高めるために必要なことは
何か
団塊の世代の大量定年時代と翻訳熱の高まりに想う
Current English Essays:
Write, Edit, Proof
Translate, Edit, Proof: The Process of Changing a Thesis from
Japanese to
English
Four Elements of Good Legal Writing
What is Good English Science Writing?
Two Approaches to Improving Technical Writing
Ten Fundamentals of Technical Writing
Watson and Crick and Good Science Writing
Japanese to English Translations with English Type Logic and Japanese
to English
Translations with Japanese Type Logic
Japanese and English Resumes: 13 Key Differences
Writing About Japanese Food for Tourists and People Interested in
Japanese Culture
From English to German - Anglicisms
Business Writing
If you have looked at our back issues, you have probably noted the
reference to business writing. Next month Aaron Writes will add a
section
on business writing. We will include one section every month for some
time.
We hope this is of interest to you. As always, please let us know.
Our Writing Program
Aaron Language Services is now working online to help writers improve
their writing skills. If your goal is to improve your writing for
work or
pleasure -- business, academic, or creative -- please contact Aaron
Language Services for information about the Aaron writing program.
Writing is speaking to the eyes rather than the ears. We know when we
express our thoughts well in English because people respond positively.
They listen to us. If you think others see your words, but your ideas
are
sometimes not clear, you might consider our Short Four/Five Paper
Course,
one of our ten-week Aaron writing modules. Every other week for eight
weeks, you will write a short paper. Aaron will read your writing.
After the
Aaron reading, you and Aaron will have an online dialogue about your
writing. Aaron will correct grammar problems. More importantly
though, we
will make suggestions for writing improvements: going deeper into the
writing: expressing yourself better, using key words that convey your
meaning, sounding more natural in English. For the finale -- the
ninth week,
you will choose the short paper that you like best and turn it into a
longer
paper. Naturally, guidance in proofreading and editing your own
writing is a
key component in our writing program.
Aaron now offers a variety of ongoing courses. If you would like to
discuss
the possibility of an individualized writing program, please email
director@aaronlanguage.com.
Trivia
Answer
The summer of 1816 had been rainy. In one house, people stayed inside
and told
each other ghost stories. Lord Byron challenged Mary Shelley to write
a ghost
story. That summer she began her ghost story about Frankenstein. In
the spring of 1817,
she finished her novel.
PR
ALSでは英文ライティングに興味を持っている方々を対象に、
英文ライティングオンライン通信講座を開講し、随時受付中です。
講師は全員北米出身で、言語学などの博士課程修了者。
すべて英語による直接指導なので高い効果が期待できます。
ALSサイトhttp://www.aaronlanguage.com/writing.htmをご覧くだ
さい。
お問い合わせは、director@aaronlanguage.comまで。
交信はすべて英語となります。日本語でのお問合せ
は、englishplus@aaronlanguage.comまで。
Trivia Question
In 1908, a Canadian writer created a well-known red-haired girl. What
was the writer's name?
What was the girl's name?
ALS also issues Aaron Says every month. Each regular issue contains
three
sections on different topics. We hope these topics will help you with
your
translation, English writing, and knowledge of America and the Western
world. This month we will be adding a new topic. Please take a look. For
more information on Aaron Language Services please visit our site at
http://www.aaronlanguage.com. If you click on 英文ライティング
リソース, you will find more help at our site. Our site also shows
the
proofreading, writing, translation, and web design services that we
offer.
Trivia Answer
In 1908, Lucy Maud Montgomery created a well-known red-haired girl,
Anne Shirley.
PR
英文ライティング指導
英文ライティングの指導も行なっています。
ALSディレクター、インダ・S・シャーリー博士が、
文法的に正しいことはもちろん、自然で魅力的な英文が書けるよう指導します。
お問い合わせは、 director@aaronlanguage.com まで。
交信はすべて英語となります。日本語でのお問合せはenglishplus@aaronlanguage.com まで。
Business Writing Questions Wanted
Do you have a question about business writing in the English speaking
world? If so, we'd appreciate your sending the question to
director@aaronlanguage.com, and we will be happy to put it in our next
issue. We might want to edit your English so it looks more natural.
We can
use your name or not as you like. Please let us know.
Aaron Writes is a publication of Aaron Language Services.
日本における英語翻訳、英文校正、他言語翻訳、他言語校正などの代表者連絡先 ： honyaku@aaronlanguage.com
アメリカのカリフォルニア州サンフランシスコに拠点を置く翻訳 （ 英語、和英、英和、日英、英日、論文翻訳等 ）、英文校正、多言語翻訳、多言語校正、ネットスクールの英文ライティング指導等の総合サービス。
ALSはグローバル体制で24時間対応。
（ なお、お支払いには日本国内の銀行口座をご利用いただけます ）。
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